Transgender People are Completely Banned From Boarding Airplanes in Canada!!!

　

“The offending section of the regulations reads:
5.2 (1) An air carrier shall not transport a passenger if …
(c) the passenger does not appear to be of the gender indicated on the identification he or she presents;” (Milloy, 2012).
　
Although this obviously discriminatory regulation did not come to significant public attention until very recently, it came into effect on July 27th, 2011, that Transport Canada added a new regulation to the Aeronautics Act by adding an amendment to the Identity Screening Regulations. These changes that happened within Canada‘s airline screening regulations that took affect have angered members that live within the transgender community. The members of the transgender community are asking questions about how these new rules in place could prevent them from boarding planes, let alone flying to a destination of their choice. “The controversial line is one that states an air carrier shall not transport a passenger who does not appear to be of the gender indicated on the identification he or she presents”(Gollom & Engelhardt, 2012). I found it very interesting to read that this regulatory adjustment happened immediately following the federal election in 2011. This regulation was part of a larger set of rules put into place by the Minister of Transportation, Denis Lebel, who happens to be a conservative. He required no approval from the Canadian parliament to implement them, which explains why no one was aware this was even a problem until recently.

　In order to change the ‘sex’ designation on a Canadian Passport, the federal government requires proof that surgery has already taken place or that it will take place within one year. So for non-operative transgender persons, for gender nonconforming (genderqueer) persons, and for the vast majority of pre-operative transsexual persons, it is literally impossible to obtain proper travel documentation marked with the sex designation which “matches” the gender identity in which they live. (Milloy, 2012)

The concern here is that transgender people who live their daily lives as another sex than the one that is stated on their passport, or on any of their other pieced of identification will be banned from boarding flights. This is discrimination to the transgender community by the Canadian airlines. I can see that there are both pro’s and con’s to this controversial issue that is now being made reality for the transgender community. The pro’s give fugitives a harder time to get on the planes, as well as fake passports can possibly be noticed more. As well as terrorists may have a harder time getting on the plane which will then prevent attacks from happening. But on the other hand there are many con’s, such as oppressing the transgender community even more. They are being singled out because they are not identifying as the typical male or female sexual orientation that is expected which then continues the stigmas and judgements against them. The Canadian government would never ban someone from flying because they were born in, lets say a third world country, a country embedded in violence, a country surrounded by terrorism, yet immigrated here for a better chance at life. So why ban a human being, a citizen or not, whom is attempting to live a better life for themselves.

　When taking a look through a liberal lens you will see that liberalism is focused on human rights and equality. Liberals believe that equality is very important. They believe that all people should be able to have the same opportunities as anyone else. Liberal equality will always be part of society, and the major inequalities such as power, status and income will always exist. But the Idea of equality is to be able to regulate all of these inequalities so that everyone can have a fair chance, and so everyone has as least the ability to attain the same status, income or power. “People's ability to be who they are, in terms of their sexual orientation, is shaped by freedom and rights on the one hand, and by the construction of heterosexist discourses in society on the other”
(Cocker, C., Hafford-Letchfield, T, 2009). Despite the range of opinions and assumptions about the LGBT community and the liberal ideology and the idea that we just need to get over it, you see that many LGBT men and woman continue to experience a high degree of exclusion and segregation, and stigmas in many different areas of society. The LGBT community continues to have low expectation of the services available and also of the quality of them due to people having stigmas, people who have been taught other beliefs, religion, as well as personal prejudice. As potential social workers we need to advocate for these clients and provided them with the services that they need, and help raise awareness and reduce stigmas that they still face on a day to day basis.

　

Ultimately we are taking the rights away of the transgender community because of their sexual orientation when otherwise they would have been allowed to fly. When are people going to realize that these are people too and just because of their orientation they are being segregated and discriminated against. What if these people flew regularly due to business, now they will be forced to find another transportation like car or bus, or may even have to find a new job due to the circumstances. I feel that a person who is genetically male but identifies herself as female should be allowed to designate herself as such on her passport. Then there would be no discrimination. That’s where the law really needs to be changed.

Not everyone falls into a gender or sex binary. What about biologically female people who identify as female, and have ovarian cysts or other conditions that cause them to grow facial hair? No airport personnel should be looking at someone and deciding they look “too male” or “too female.” If their face matches, their face matches. The end.

　Baker, J. (2006).” Equality“. Social Policyin Ireland : principles, practice and problems, 2nd ed. Oak Tree Press. Web. 22 Dec. 2012. <
http://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/handle/10197/2039/Baker%20%282006%29%20Equality%20%28pre-print%29.pdf?sequence=1>.

　

Cocker, C., Hafford-Letchfield, T. (2009). Out and Proud? Social Work’s Relationship with Lesbian and Gay Equality. British Journal of Social Work, 40, (6) 1996-2008. http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org.libproxy.auc.ca/content/40/6/1996.full

　

Gollom, M, & Englehardt, J. “Are transgender Canadians being banned from boarding flights“. CBCnews. 2, Feb. 2012. Web. 4 Nov. 2012.<http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2012/02/02/transgender-airline-screening.html>.

　

Milloy, C. (2012, January 30). “Transgender People are Completely Banned From Boarding Airplanes in Canada“. N.p., 30, Jan. 2012. Web. 4 Nov. 2012<http://chrismilloy.ca/2012/01/transgender-people-are-completely-banned-from-boarding-airplanes-in-canada/>.

　

Alysha

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　


　
　

　

Experiences of LGBT Social Work Students

In February 2012 a study was done about the experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) students who were in Social Work programs.  This study was conducted to see if LGB students were satisfied with their experiences within in the program, and what further needs are necessary to make the education and the institution more inclusive.

Through this study it was shown that "while students did not feel that they had been disadvantaged in terms of progression on their programs, some experienced overt experiences of discrimination" (Fairtlough et all, 2012, p.16).  In my opinion discrimination of this population should not be acceptable, and more education on LGB people should be given at this level of education, if not earlier.  Not only should students be further educated, I also believe that many educators need further education as well. 

As humans we have "Rights".  Some of the "Rights" that fall under "Civil Rights" include; inclusion of all people, and end to discrimination.  Through the learning of a Social Democratic view, we have learned that equlaity of all people is important.  Hick (2007) says that people also need freedom - having their voice be heard, and having rights (p.60).  With this being said, LBG students should be able to be themselves in the classroom and should not have fears of being judged or being discriminated against - especially being in the Social Work program.  This type of situation could also be looked at through a Feminist lense - not taking rights away from anyone, and making things equal for everyone (voice, education, no discrimination, etc).  The study above mentioned that "despite the growing literature on sexuality and social work, there is a dearth of research about lesbian, gay, and bisexual social work students, although there are indications that students experience homophobia and heterosexist assumptions on their training" (Fairtlough et all, 2012, p.2).   

As Social Workers we are trained to be supportive of others, empathetic, non-judgemental and know ways to promote positive well-being and resilience in our clients.  Most importantly we must be aware of our own thoughts, beliefs, values, etc.  If there is ever a person, or group of people who we do not feel comfortable working with - we must be aware of this.  Not knowing our own thoughts, values, and beliefs about certain groups of people may not always be therapeutic in the professional, supportive and resilient working relationship. It is also very important to be aware of language as a Social Worker - what is appropriate, what is not appropriate? 

Creating a supportive and safe space in the classroom is also a very important factor to learning.  If students have a fear of being judged, particiation in class activities and learning will be very difficult.  I believe that people should be able to be themselves without being judged, however this is not the case - this world and some people in it can be very harsh.  I think as Social Worker students we can work together to create a safe and supportive space within our classroom, and most importantly be allies for those around us.

10 Ways to Be an Ally & a Friend

1. Be a listener.
2. Be open-minded.
3. Be willing to talk.
4. Be inclusive and invite LGBT friends to hang out with your friends and family.
5. Don't assume that all your friends and co-workers are straight. Someone close to you could be looking for support in their coming-out process. Not making assumptions will give them the space they need.
6. Homophobic comments and jokes are harmful. Let your friends, family and co-workers know that you find them offensive.
7. Confront your own prejudices and homophobia, even if it is uncomfortable to do so.
8. Defend your LGBT friends against discrimination.
9. Believe that all people, regardless of gender identity and sexual orientation, should be treated with dignity and respect.
10. If you see LGBT people being misrepresented in the media, contact us at glaad.org

(10 Ways to Be an Ally & a Friend taken from: http://www.glaad.org/resources/ally/2)


References

Fairtlough, A., Bernard, C., Fletcher, J., & Ahmet, A. (2012). Experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual students on social work programmes: developing a framework for educational practice. British Journal of Social Work, 1-19.

Hick, S. (2007). Social welfare in canada understanding income security. Toronto, ON: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.

MEAGAN












 

Gender on your Birth Certificate-revised

Transgender individuals have struggled to fight for their rights just as the rest of the LGBT community.  One of the main struggles for transgender people has been what their “legal” sex is (Currah & Minter, 2000).  This in itself seems strange to me, why does the government have the need to label male or female?  When we look into the first nations capitalized culture people with diverse gender identities were seen as unique and not attempted to change who they are as they are special contributors (Brotman & Levi, 2008). However, in the society we live in today this is what is happening. 

 Ontario has moved forward from their previous efforts to label gender.  Ontario’s previous policy to be able to change your sex on your birth certificate was that the person needed to undergo “transsexual surgery” (Houston, 2012).  This seems a little unrealistic for those who have a great fear of the surgery itself or the risks associated with surgery as well as lack of funds to be able to get the surgery or the ability to afford the time off of work.  According to Currah and Minter (2000) transgendered people have been discriminated against in many issues because they are seen as not good enough to be protected and in some aspects not human.  

This is why I think that the new policy is extremely important.  Ontario is now enforcing new requirements to legally change a person’s sex on their birth certificate other than having to undergo surgery (Houston, 2012).  Ideas such as having a guarantor confirming that that person is living as a particular gender have been thought of (Houston, 2012).  Having this in place would put less emotion strain on the transgender community.  I am hoping this has a trickledown effect and Ontario will not be the only one changing the policy.  This allows for one step at a time for equal rights of people no matter race, sex or any other label that is given.  Equal rights are a belief of the liberal perspective (Habermas, 1995).  Liberalism is meant to look at everyone equally no matter their differences and to allow for equal opportunities for everyone (Habermas, 1995).  There is advocacy in liberalism for ones individuality (Habermas, 1995).   This is a perfect example for the transgender community in order to let everyone be who they are.

-Britney

Brotman, S., & Levi, J. (2008). Intersections: Cultures, Sexualités Et Genres. Quebec: Presses de l’Universite du Quebec.

Currah, p., & Minter, S. (2000). Unprincipled Exclusions: The Struggle to Achieve Judicial and Legislative Equality for Transgender People.  William and Mary Journal of Women and the Law. 7 (1), 37-66.

Habermas, J. (1995).  Multiculturalism and the Liberal State.  Stanford Law Review, 47, 849-853

Houston, A. (2012). Ontario Trans Rights Decision Makes Canadian History.  Canada’s Gay and Lesbian News.  Retrieved from http://www.xtra.ca/public/National/Ontario_trans_rights_decision_makes_Canadian_history-11845.aspx

Morman Church and the LGBT Community

     Different religions have had big problems with the LGBT community for quite some time now, and it does not look like it is going to change any time soon. One church in particular though is taking one step in the right direction at least. "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints today launched a new website aimed at providing “greater sensitivity and better understanding” among Latter-day Saints with regards to same-sex attraction" (Walker, 2012). The site, mormonsandgays.org, reads “Love One Another: A Discussion on Same-Sex Attraction” on it's home page.

     The main focus of the website is to make people aware that it is not a sin to be attracted to someone of the same sex but it is a sin to act on it. The morman community wants the LGBT morman community to know that although they have these attractions if they do not act on them the church still wants them to be a part of their community. There have been many people diagnosed with depression and many people that have committed suicide and so this website was created to try and help them feel more comfortable with being open with their church community. "Elder D. Todd Christofferson of the church’s Quorum of the Twelve Apostles says in a video on the site. “I think that’s what God is saying: stay with me. And I think that’s what we want to say in the church: Stay with us, and let’s work together in friendship and commonality and brotherhood and sisterhood"" (Ring, 2012). The website states that "[t]he site offers a place where the people whose lives are impacted by attraction to the same sex can find inspiration to work through difficult challenges while remaining faithful to Church teachings" (mormonsandgays.org, 2012).
     The website; talks about where the church stands on the topic, has numerous videos talking about the topic encouraging people that it is okay to have these attractions in hopes "to bridge the gap in human understanding, respect and acceptance of differences" (Ring, 2012). There are also numerous videos of people sharing their personal stories and experiences with the mormon community and being attracted to the same sex. The website seems to be very encouraging and informative not only for the LGBT community within the Mormon community but the LGBT community outside of it and for the straight community.
      Although this a step in the right direction not everyone in the Mormon church feels the same way, and not everyone in the LGBT community feels the same way either. Many gay Mormon's still feel shunned for what they feel (Sinor, 2011). Although they are being told that what they are feeling is ok, they are being told not to act on it and to basically just live a life alone because their happiness should come second to doing as God would want. I do not believe that this is an ok way to make someone live.
     Some people have to go through extensive therapy because of all the trauma they have gone through trying to be accepted in the mormon community. Members of the LGBT community face much abuse, including religious abuse. Whether the abuse is intentional or not it is still considered abuse (Super, 2011). Making someone feel bad about how they are is wrong.
      In my opinion neither having feelings for the opposite sex or acting on it should be considered a sin. If someone chooses to act on their feelings, as long as it is not physically or mentally hurting another human being, then it should not be anyone's business to tell them what they can or cannot do. Although there are good intentions in the creation of this website there is still that gap between religion and the LGBT community.


Works Cited

Ring, T. (2012, December 6). Mormon Church Launches Website Aimed at Gays. Advocate.com. Retrieved January 2, 2013, from http://www.advocate.com/politics/religion/2012/12/06/mormon-church-launches-website-aimed-gays

Sinor, J. (2011). Out in the West: The Mormon Church is going mainstream—and leaving its gay members behind.American Scholar, 80(4), 76-87.

Super, J. T., & Jacobson, L. (2011). Religious Abuse: Implications for Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Individuals. Journal Of LGBT Issues In Counseling, 5(3/4), 180-196. doi:10.1080/15538605.2011.632739

Walker, J. (2012, December 6). 'Stay with us,' new LDS website urges gay Mormons. Deseret News. Retrieved January 2, 2013, from http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865568211/Stay-with-us-new-LDS-website-urges-gay-Mormons.html

- Alexandra B

Transport Canada

Blog 5

            In July 2011, transport Canada placed a new regulation which states " an air carrier shall not transport a passenger who does not appear to be of the gender indicated on the identification he or she presents" (Gollom & Engelhardt, 2012). 

            This new regulation posted by transport Canada places transgender, and transsexual people into a discriminated population by Canadian airlines."Transport Canada allows transsexual and transgendered people to travel if they arrive with a medical certificate,and they don't understand that for many trans people, surgery is either unwanted or too expensive. In these cases, a medical certificate is not an option."(The Conservatives, 2012).

I can have an understanding of both the pro's and the con's of this regulation. The pro's include an attempt at making it more difficult for terrorists or fugitives to board a plane under false disguise. I think this pro of the regulation is a desperate grasp fro transport Canada to feel like they are doing something productive. The cons, to me, are very obvious. Segregating an already oppressed and stigmatized group under the presumption that they must be criminals.  I recently wrote a blog on the process of sexual reassignment surgery, and I learned that an individual identifying as a transsexual must first become labelled with a DSM diagnosis before they can consider the procedure. Transport Canada's new regulation now adds to this humiliation and degradation put upon these individuals by not only saying something is wrong with them, but now they are also criminals.

            In my last blog I also wrote about a two year waiting period, where an individual must live life as the preferred sex at all times in order to be considered for the surgery.  The regulation not allowing people who appear as a gender not indicated on their identification would prevent people in this category from accessing air transportation. The implications that this causes is horrendous. First, we state that transsexuals are sick, and have a mental illness, next , we place them in the same category as criminals, and now we begin to take away basic rights that are afforded to most other Canadians. What's next? How can we ever expect to overcome, and create safe spaces for people when we are continually degrading, labeling, avoiding, and hurting specific groups of peoples?"There has been substantially increased visibility of LGBT issues in public discourse and in popular culture in recent years" (Almeida, Johnson, Corliss, Molnar, & Azrael, 2009), and with this increased attention, issues within our system can be identified and changed.

Almeida, J., Johnson, R, M., Corliss, H,L., Molnar, B, E., Azrael, D. (2009). Emotional distress among LGBT Youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 38, 1001-1014. doi: 10.1007/s10964-009-9397-9
.

Gollom, M, & Englehardt, J. (2012, February 2). Are transgender Canadians being             banned from boarding flights. CBCnews. Retrieved from                http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2012/02/02/transgender-airline-screening.html  

The Conservatives. (2012, February 2). States News Service. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA278770054&v=2.1&u=saul58289&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w

Larissa C

Sex Re-assignment Surgery

Sex Re-assignment Surgery  

            In Canada, preoperative transsexuals undergo medical discrimination through the struggle of obtaining the health care needed to undergo sex re-assignment surgery.

            After all of the emotional, spiritual, and sometimes physical abuse endured by individuals identifying as a transsexual person, they now have to undergo humiliation, long wait times, and stressful situations that can sometimes make it impossibly hard to fulfill their desire, and their right to have  sex re-assignment surgery performed.

            "Only three gender identity clinics are available in Canada; Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver "(Queens, n.d.). After an individual has decided to obtain a sex reassignment surgery, the individual is referred to one of Canada's three clinics, which can take years to obtain an appointment due to the lack of professionals offering the service (Queens, n.d.). At one of the three clinics, the individual will then be assessed for a diagnosis  of a Gender Identity Disorder (Queens, n.d.).

             This process of diagnosing transsexuals with a disorder from the DSM IV, in my opinion is a humiliating and medically unnecessary process. By stating that transsexuals have a diagnosis, we are stating that there is something medically wrong with them. After a life time of trying to become comfortable with themselves, they now have to under go medical scrutiny, with professionals reinstating the message that they are "bad" and there is  something inherently wrong with them. "Devor contends that individuals desire to be witnessed for exactly who they are and to see themselves mirrored in others' eyes as they see themselves" (Budge, Tebbe, & Howard, 2010).

            If an individual is able to go through the first step in the sex reassignment surgery procedure, they are then subjected to a second stage that involves  transitioning to live in the "gender of their identity, generally for a period of one to two years" (Queens, n.d.). This real life test requires an individual to "dress and behave as a member of their felt gender, 24 hours a day, without the benefit of the physical alterations produced by medical intervention" (Queens, n.d.). The per-operative individuals ability to "withstand the discrimination and "pass" largely determines their acceptance for sex reassignment surgery" (Queens, n.d.).

            This second step in the sex reassignment surgery process becomes a very dangerous  and difficult period in the transsexual individuals life. Understandably many individuals do not pass this second step as the humiliation and discrimination  felt by these individuals must be horrendous. In other LGBT blogs, the bathroom bill was discussed. for a preoperative transsexual in this second step of the sex reassignment process, the discord of using the preferred sexes washroom while still having physical attributes of the opposite sex can result in physical violence, altercations with authority,  and humiliation. I could only imagine being in this situation. In order to receive the sex reassignment surgery you must use the opposite washroom, and be accepted into it, but realistically speaking, if you have physical traits that strongly distinguish you as the other sex, very negative results are very likely to happen. I feel like this second step is setting many individuals up for failure, and revisions to the policies regarding this step should be taken into high priority for the safety of the per-operative individuals.

         
  Next, if a transsexual has proven themselves through the first two steps, they are then granted hormone therapy in order to begin hormonal changes to their physical selves. But, hormonal therapy is just the beginning of a very lengthy and financially stressful time. in 1998 the government of Ontario announced it would longer cover the costs of sex reassignment therapy under OHIP. It is now seen as an unneeded elective surgery. (Queens, n.d.). Under this new regulation, even more people are limited from receiving the surgery as " the costs are far beyond the reach of most people" (Queens, n.d.).

I believe that our current system is set up to refuse access to this potentially life saving procedure. The first step is to change the idea that a transsexual individual has a medical diagnosis, and that something is wrong with them. To see beauty in all individuals is power, and a step towards a truly  "civilized nation."





Budge, S. L., & Tebbe, E.N., & Howard, K. A. S. (2010). The work experiences of transgender
               individuals: Negotiating the transition and career decision-making processes. Journal of
               Counseling Psychology. 57.4,  377-393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020472

Queens Human Rights Office. (n.d.). Trans accessibility project: Overview of transgender issues. 

                Retrieved November 29, 2012, from http://www.queensu.ca/humanrights/tap/2tg101.htm

- Larissa C

LGBT Employment-revised

Imagine going into the place that you work, a place I refer to as my second home because I am there most of my days, and feeling that you are being discriminated against because of who you are.  Many people from the LGBT community have to suffer through this on a day to day basis, all because they identify as gay or lesbian(Ragins & Cornwell, 2001). A lot of people who are gay or lesbian do not tell very many people in their place of work, if any about their sexual orientation (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001) because they want to be treated as equals. I have never felt as though I cannot talk about my relationships being in a heterosexual relationship, it doesn’t seem fair that these people can’t express who they are.  Work place discrimination happens more often then we think or would like to think (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001).  For the LGBT workplace discrimination is a continuous battle internally, should they reveal who they really are and jeopardize their career or keep everything hidden and live equally?   This should not be a decision that needs to be made.

Many people may not know another employee’s sexual orientation because you can’t tell if someone is part of the LGBT community just by looking at them (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001).  Discrimination against these individuals is usually due to suspicion or knowledge about their sexual orientation (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001).   This is not concrete proof that someone is gay or lesbian this is just a suspicion that causes so much controversy.  Controversy that, in a study done by Ragin and Cornwell (2001) says, 97% of gay men said that their sexual orientation had cost them the ability to move forward in the company either being a promotion, a raise or a relationship with a potential mentor.  A controversy where 37% of Harvard business school graduates reported their careers had been hurt and 12% reported being blackmailed or threatened with blackmail because they were suspected as being gay (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001). A controversy where 37% of military service members “witnessed or experienced an incident of harassment based on perceived homosexuality” (Ragins & Cornwell, 2001, p. 3).  A controversy that should not be a controversy.  

Changing discrimination and creating a workplace that is inclusive and diversified (Diversity, 2011)  is something that one company in particular strives for, that company is TD Canada Trust.  This is an example I chose to use not only because I work there but, because I’m proud to say that I work there.  TD Canada Trust has a diversity specific to their employees to ensure everyone is included and not on feels discriminated against.  TD “truly believe[s] that diversity is the key to success” (Diversity, 2011) They have proven this again and again with participating in the gay pride parades, creating a video for “It Gets Better” and outwardly supporting the LGBT community by having posters created with same sex couples.  TD also supports anti-bullying and anti-discrimination campaigns” that present workshops that “address bullying, homophobia, transphobia and discrimination” (Supporting Divers Communities, 2011)

Discrimination in the workplace is something that the LGBT community may have to continue to deal with, I hope this is not the case.  As you can see I know of one company that has decided to stand up against the discrimination's and became allies with the queer community.  The ideology that I believe should go along with this blog is the social democratic.  This party is constantly bringing forward new inclusion issues even when they are not the ones in power (Adam, 2003).  The Social Democratic parties are truly fighting for equality and a holistic approach in and outside of the work place (Adam, 2003).  Many workplace unions and Social Democratic parties have helped with human rights by putting sexual orientation protections in their contracts (Adam, 2003).  This is hopefully just the beginning of several inclusion driven companies that value each individual as a person not as their sexual orientation.

-Britney

Adam, B., 2003.  The Defense of Marriage Act and American Exceptionalism: The “Gay Marriage” Panic in the United States. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 12 (3), 259-276

N.A., 2011. Supporting Diverse Communities. Corporate Responsibility Report 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://www.tdcanadatrust.com/easyweb5/crr-2011/diversity/diverse_communities/index.jsp

N.A., 2011. Diversity. TD Insurance. Retrieved November 13, 2012, fromhttp://www.tdinsurance.com/about-us/diversity/diversity.jsp

Ragins,B. R., & Cornwll, J. M. (2001). Pink Triangles: Antecedents and Consequences of Perceived Workplace Discrimination Against Gay and Lesbian Employees.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1244-1261